Root system:
Grapevines can be grown “naturally” on their own root system
(own-rooted or self-rooted vines) or they may be grafted onto a rootstock.
The Trunk
The trunk, formerly
an individual shoot, is perm[1]anent and supports
the aboveground vegetative and reproductive structures of the vine. The height
of the trunk varies among training systems, and the top of the trunk is
referred to as the head. The height of the head is determined by pruning during
the initial stages of training a young grapevine. The trunk of a mature vine
has arms, and short branches from which canes or spurs originate; arms are located
in different positions depending on the system. Some training systems utilize
cordons semi permanent branches of the
trunk, usually trained horizontally along a trellis wire, with arms spaced at
regular intervals along their length. Other systems utilize canes one-year-old wood arising from arms usually
located near the head of the vine. The crown refers to the region of the trunk
near the ground, from slightly below to slightly above ground level
Shoots and Canes
The shoot is the primary unit of vine growth and the
principal focus of many viticultural practices. Shoots are the stem like green
growth arising from a bud. Primary shoots arise from primary buds (described
below) and are normally the fruit-producing shoots on the vine. The components
of the shoot are illustrated in Figure 4, The main axis of the shoot consists
of structural support tissues and conducting tissues to transport water,
nutrients, and the products of photosynthesis. Arranged along the shoot in
regular patterns are leaves, tendrils, flower or fruit clusters, and buds.
General areas of the shoot are described as basal (closest to its point of origin),
mid-shoot, and apex (tip). The term canopy is used to denote the collective
arrangement of the vine’s shoots, leaves, and fruit; some viticulturists also
consider the trunk, cordons, and canes to be parts of the canopy.
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